Management of invasive species often targets a particular life stage in structured populations. Evaluating the success of management requires measuring the survivorship and reproductive success of the targeted stage class, as well as assessing the possibility for increased fitness in the non-targeted stage class due to a release from density dependence. Management of the invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) focuses on removing adults by pulling or clipping and is applied early or late in the reproductive season. We evaluated the effectiveness of different management types (unmanaged, clipped, pulled) and timing (early or late) on survival and fitness of targeted adult plants and non-targeted, co-occurring juveniles. Viable seeds were produced by adults that were unmanaged, pulled early in the season and clipped at midheight early in the season. Unmanaged and pulled adults produced significantly more seeds than clipped plants; unmanaged plants produced seeds that were significantly heavier than seeds from clipped or pulled plants. Germination was lower for seeds from pulled plants than for seeds from unmanaged or clipped plants. The clipping treatment was most successful at reducing fecundity, but also resulted in the highest survivorship of co-occurring juveniles. Our study highlights the necessity of examining fitness of plants in the non-targeted life stage in order to fully evaluate the effectiveness of different management techniques. These results should be applicable to management of other stage-structured invasive species.